Mnemonics

In Thoroughbred Basic, mnemonics are two-character codes that refer to specific commands or character strings that are interpreted by a device driver. Thoroughbred Basic enables you to use terminal mnemonics and printer mnemonics.

Terminal mnemonics

Terminal mnemonics are variables that contain codes or characters that can be interpreted by a terminal driver or the Thoroughbred Basic Windows Manager. Use of terminal mnemonics may help speed application development:

Thoroughbred Basic programmers do not have to remember or look up code sequences when they need to perform operations such as clearing the screen.
Mnemonics provide naming conventions for actions that can occur on a variety of site terminals.
Mnemonics can help produce more readable code.

Terminal mnemonics can be used in Thoroughbred Basic directives such as FINPUT, INPUT, or PRINT. In many cases, Thoroughbred Basic programmers can use a mnemonic or the appropriate hexadecimal character sequence to tell the terminal what to do. However, if you plan to use Thoroughbred Basic Windows, you must consider using mnemonics.

The Thoroughbred Basic Windows Manager executes the command specified for the mnemonic within the confines of the active Thoroughbred Basic Window. For example, the ‘CS’ (clear screen) mnemonic contains a command to clear all characters from the screen; if a programmer uses this mnemonic the Thoroughbred Basic Windows Manager only clears the active Thoroughbred Basic Window. However, if the programmer chooses to use the command and not the mnemonic the command is sent to the terminal without interpretation; the command clears the entire screen but the Thoroughbred Basic Windows Manager will not be able to determine the current cursor position.

For more information on how to configure and specify terminal mnemonics, please refer to the Thoroughbred Basic Customization and Tuning Guide.

The following list describes Thoroughbred Basic terminal mnemonics. Some terminals cannot perform the functions associated with some mnemonics. When a terminal cannot perform the operation, or if a mnemonic is invalid or undefined, Thoroughbred Basic generates the error code 29, displayed as ERR=29, and returns the error to the program. However, you can turn off error generation by specifying the ‘EM’ mnemonic.

List of Terminal Mnemonics

The mnemonics ‘A1’ through ‘A8’ contain commands for terminals that do not follow the ANSI standard. The mnemonics ‘A9’ contains a command that specifies how your terminal executes its color routines. The mnemonics ‘AA’ through ‘AF’ contain commands for terminals that follow the ANSI standard.

'A1': contains the advance escape code sequence for the multi-attribute change command. This sequence precedes the specifications contained in the 'A2' and 'A3' mnemonics, which are described below. This is a Thoroughbred Basic Windows attribute mnemonic for terminals that do not follow the ANSI standard.
'A2': contains the number of bytes that specify the “body” size of each attribute change code; in most cases this value is specified as 1 byte. This is a Thoroughbred Basic Windows attribute mnemonic for terminals that do not follow the ANSI standard.
'A3': contains a string of all the values of all the “body” characters ordered from attribute 0 through attribute 15. This is a Thoroughbred Basic Windows attribute mnemonics for terminals that do not follow the ANSI standard.
'A4': contains the trailing escape code sequence, which follows the “body” specifications contained in the 'A2' and 'A3' mnemonics. If the terminal does not require a trailing sequence, you can specify $00$, one null character, as the value of this mnemonic. This is a Thoroughbred Basic Windows attribute mnemonic for terminals that do not follow the ANSI standard.
'A5': contains the number of defined attribute states; in most cases, this value is 16. This is a Thoroughbred Basic Windows attribute mnemonic for terminals that do not follow the ANSI standard.
'A6': contains a value that disables the automatic wrapping feature:

If this mnemonic is defined the Thoroughbred Basic Windows driver assumes that this terminal automatically wraps output at the end of a line. To make full use of Thoroughbred Basic Windows, you can specify any value, NULL for example to turn off the automatic wrapping feature.

If this mnemonic is not defined the Thoroughbred Basic Windows driver assumes that this terminal does not automatically wrap output at the end of each line. You don not have to specify a value for this mnemonic.

This is a Thoroughbred Basic Windows attribute mnemonic for terminals that do not follow the ANSI standard.

'A7': is a mnemonic reserved for Thoroughbred Basic internal use.
'A8': contains a value that specifies that display attributes can occupy physical position on the terminal screen:

If this mnemonic is defined to any value the Thoroughbred Basic Windows driver assumes that display attributes change mnemonics can occupy a position on the terminal screen.

If this mnemonic is not defined the Thoroughbred Basic Windows driver assumes that display attributes change mnemonics do not occupy a position on the terminal screen.

This is a Thoroughbred Basic Windows attribute mnemonic for terminals that do not follow the ANSI standard.

'A9': contains a value that describes how the terminal executes its color routines. You can specify a value that includes at least one of the following bit values:

$00$ Your terminal requires two different escape sequences to start color. This is the default. The color mnemonics have the following properties:

KW: means start the foreground color sequence.
KX: means end the foreground color sequence.
KY: means start the background color sequence.
KZ: means end the background color sequence.
$01$: Reverse video cannot work properly with the way your terminal executes its color routines. Thoroughbred Basic simulates reverse video by reversing the foreground and background colors.
$02$: Color intensity cannot work properly with the way your terminal executes its color routines. Thoroughbred Basic simulates color intensities by changing the color.
$04$: Your terminal requires four different escape sequences to start color. The color mnemonics have the following properties:
KW: means start the foreground color sequence.
KX: means end the light foreground color sequence.
KY: means start the background color sequence.
KZ: means end the light background color sequence.
$08$: Your terminal requires that the foreground color code and the background color code be included in one escape sequence. The color mnemonics have the following properties:
KW: means start the color sequence where the foreground color comes before the background color.
KY: means start the color sequence where the background color comes before the foreground color.
KX: is the sequence that separates the color codes.
KZ: means end the color sequence.

The ‘KW’, ‘KX’, ‘KY’, and ‘KZ’ mnemonic have individual entries and descriptions in this section. To specify colors you can use one of the mnemonics that range from ‘K0’ through ‘KF’. To complete color management specifications you can specify values for those mnemonics as well as for ‘A9’.

'AA': contains the advance escape code sequence for the multi-attribute change command. This sequence precedes the specifications contained in the 'AB' and 'AC' mnemonics, which are described below. This is a Thoroughbred Basic Windows attribute mnemonic for terminals that follow the ANSI standard.
'AB': contains a string of all the values of all the “body” characters in this order: background, foreground, normal video, reverse video, underline off, underline on, blink off, blink on. Each body code is preceded by one byte that contains a binary number to specify the length of the following body code; in most cases this value is 1 or 2. This is a Thoroughbred Basic Windows attribute mnemonic for terminals that follow the ANSI standard.
'AC': contains the separator character sequence. In most cases, the separator character is one byte, a ; (semicolon) for example, that is placed between each attribute change code. This is a Thoroughbred Basic Windows attribute mnemonic for terminals that follow the ANSI standard.
'AD': contains the trailing escape code sequence, which follows the “body” specifications contained n the 'AB' and 'AC' mnemonics. If the terminal does not require a trailing sequence specify $00$, one null character, as the value of this mnemonic. This is a Thoroughbred Basic Windows attribute mnemonic for terminals that follow the ANSI standard.
'AE': contains the number of defined attribute states; in most cases, this value is 8. This is a Thoroughbred Basic Windows attribute mnemonic for terminals that follow the ANSI standard.
'AF': contains the escape code sequence to turn off all attributes. If this terminal feature is available and defined, it can speed some Thoroughbred Basic Windows operations. This is a Thoroughbred Basic Windows attribute mnemonic for terminals that follow the ANSI standard.

Many of the mnemonics named ‘Bx’, where x is a letter, begin an operation that can be ended by specifying the corresponding ‘Ex’ mnemonic.

'BACKGR': is short for background. This mnemonic can contain a command that enables the next color change command to change the current background color instead of the current foreground color.
'BB': is short for begin blink. This mnemonic can contain a command that causes the characters that follow to flash on and off. In most cases, the flash occurs about once a second.

The ‘EB’ (end blink) mnemonic can contain a command that returns your terminal screen to normal video mode.

'BD': is short for begin blink with underline. This mnemonic can contain a command that adds an underscore to the characters that follow and causes all of those characters to flash on and off. In most cases, the flash occurs about once a second.

The ‘EB’ (end blink) mnemonic can contain a command that returns your terminal screen to normal video mode.

'BE': is short for begin keyboard echo. This mnemonic contains a command that causes characters typed on the keyboard to display on the terminal screen.

The ‘EE’ (end keyboard echo) mnemonic contains a command that disables keyboard echo.

Thoroughbred Basic Windows defines this mnemonic. Do not define this mnemonic or specify a value for it.

'BF': is short for begin reverse video in foreground intensity. This mnemonic can contain a command that reverses foreground and background colors for characters that follow the command. Reversed characters and background are displayed in foreground intensity.

The ‘ER’ (end reverse video) mnemonic can contain a command that restores the normal video mode.

'BG': is short for begin graphics mode. This mnemonic can contain a command that changes the current character set to the graphics character set. Characters that follow this command are displayed as graphics characters.

The ‘EG’ (end graphics mode) mnemonic can contain a command that restores the previous character set.

For information on graphics characters that can be used to draw boxes, please refer to the descriptions of the ‘Gn’ mnemonics, where n is a hexadecimal number from 0 through F.

'BI': is short for begin input transparency. This mnemonic contains a command that passes each character to your program without interpretation. The codes and sequences generated by the Enter key, function keys, and text-editing keys are treated as characters rather than commands.

The ‘EI’ (end input transparency) mnemonic contains a command that causes your program to disable input transparency.

Thoroughbred Basic Windows defines this mnemonic. Do not define this value or specify a value for it.

'BLACK': contains a command that changes the current foreground color to black. A terminal that does not provide this color will not respond to the command to change color.
'BLUE': contains a command that changes the current foreground color to blue. A terminal that does not provide this color will not respond to the command to change color.
'BM': is short for begin ERR=29 generation for undefined mnemonics. This mnemonic contains a command that causes a Thoroughbred Basic program to issue the error code 29 when it encounters an undefined or invalid mnemonic.

The ‘EM’ (end ERR=29 generation for undefined mnemonics) mnemonic contains a command that causes a Thoroughbred Basic program to ignore undefined or invalid mnemonics.

Thoroughbred Basic Windows defines this mnemonic. Do not define this value or specify a value for it.

'BO': is short for begin output transparency. This mnemonic contains a command that passes each character to your terminal without interpretation. The codes and sequences generated by the Enter key, function keys, text-editing keys, and mnemonics are treated as characters rather than commands.

The ‘EO’ (end output transparency) mnemonic contains a command that causes your terminal to disable output transparency.

Thoroughbred Basic Windows defines this mnemonic. Do not define this value or specify a value for it.

'BR': is short for begin reverse video. This mnemonic can contain a command that reverses foreground and background colors for characters that follow the command.

The ‘ER’ (end reverse video) mnemonic can contain a command that restores the normal video mode.

'BROWN': contains a command that changes the current foreground color to brown. A terminal that does not provide this color will not respond to the command to change color.
'BS': is short for backspace. This mnemonic contains a command that backspaces one character position.
'BT': is short for begin type-ahead control. This mnemonic contains a command that causes keyboard input to be placed in a buffer when a user types more characters than a Thoroughbred Basic program can manage at the time. The buffered characters are sent to the program as they are needed. A keyboard buffer enables users to "type ahead" of the program.

The ‘ET’ (end type-ahead control) mnemonic can contain a command that disables type-ahead control. The ‘CI’ (clear the input buffer) mnemonic can contain a command that removes all characters from the type-ahead buffer for keyboard input.

This mnemonic is defined by Thoroughbred Basic. Do not define this value or specify a value for it.

'BU': is short for begin underline. This mnemonic can contain a command that adds an underscore to the characters that follow.

The ‘EU’ (end underline) mnemonic can contain a command that returns your terminal screen to normal video mode.

'BV': is short for begin blink and reverse video. This mnemonic can contain a command that places the characters that follow in reverse video mode and causes all of those characters to flash on and off. In most cases, the flash occurs about once a second. This mnemonic is like the 'BB' mnemonic with reverse video added.

The ‘EB’ (end blink) mnemonic can contain a command that returns your terminal screen to normal video mode.

Many of the mnemonics named ‘Cx’, where x is a letter, are used to clear characters from some area such as a line or screen.

'CE': is short for clear to end. This mnemonic can contain a command that removes all characters from the cursor position to the end of the screen or Thoroughbred Basic Window.
'CF': is short for clear all characters in foreground intensity. This mnemonic can contain a command that removes all the foreground characters from the screen or Thoroughbred Basic Window.

Because the Thoroughbred Basic Windows Manager defines the ‘CF’ mnemonic you can use this mnemonic under Thoroughbred Basic Windows without specifying a value for it.

'CH': is short for move the cursor to home position. This mnemonic can contain a command that moves the cursor to the upper left corner of the screen or Thoroughbred Basic Window. The final position is often described as the coordinate position (0,0).
'CI': is short for clear the input buffer. This mnemonic can contain a command that removes all characters from the type-ahead buffer for keyboard input. For more information on type-ahead control please refer to the descriptions of the 'BT' and 'ET' mnemonics.

This mnemonic is defined by Thoroughbred Basic. Do not define this value or specify a value for it.

'CL': is short for clear to end of line. This mnemonic can contain a command that removes all characters from the cursor through the end of the line. The line can be displayed on the screen or in a Thoroughbred Basic Window. Cursor position does not change.

The ‘DL’ (delete line) mnemonic can contain a command that removes the line that contains the cursor.

'CLI': is short for color in low intensity. This mnemonic can contain a command that causes the next color specified to display in low intensity mode.
'CN': is short for cursor on. This mnemonic can contain a command that makes the cursor visible on the screen or in a Thoroughbred Basic Window. You can use the 'CO' mnemonic to make the cursor invisible.
'CO': is short for cursor off. This mnemonic can contain a command that makes the cursor invisible on the screen or in a Thoroughbred Basic Window. You can use the 'CN' mnemonic to make the cursor visible.
'CR': is short for carriage return. This mnemonic can contain a command that issues a CR (carriage return) character and appropriately positions the cursor.

The ‘LF’ (line feed) mnemonic can contain a command that issues the line feed character.

'CS': is short for clear the screen. This mnemonic can contain a command that removes all characters from the screen or Thoroughbred Basic Window and places the cursor in the upper left corner.
'CU': is short for cursor read. This mnemonic provides the current cursor position relative to the Thoroughbred Basic Window. The command returns 2 bytes to your program:

The first byte contains the binary value of the current cursor row position plus 32.
The second byte contains the binary value of the current cursor column plus 32.

Thoroughbred Basic Windows defines this mnemonic. Do not define this value or specify a value for it.

'CYAN': contains a command that changes the current foreground color to cyan. A terminal that does not provide this color will not respond to the command to change color.

The mnemonics named ‘Dx’, where x is a letter, contain commands that perform a variety of functions.

'DC': is short for delete character. This mnemonic contains a command that removes the character in the current cursor position. The characters to the right of the cursor are moved left one character position and a space character is placed in the last position in the line.

For information on how to place a character into a line of text please refer to the description of the ‘IC’ (insert character) mnemonic.

Thoroughbred Basic Windows defines this mnemonic. Do not define this value or specify a value for it.

'DM': is short for default mode. This mnemonic contains a command that sets some cursor and Thoroughbred Basic Windows specifications to defaults.

Make the cursor invisible, if available. For more information, please refer to the description of the ‘CO’ mnemonic.
Set the display to normal video.
Set foreground mode.
Activate Thoroughbred Basic ERR=29 processing. For more information, please refer to the description of the ‘BM’ mnemonic.
Activate type-ahead control. For more information, please refer to the description of the ‘BT’ mnemonic.
Activate input echo routines. For more information, please refer to the description of the ‘BE’ mnemonic.
Turn off input transparency. For more information, please refer to the description of the ‘EI’ mnemonic.
Turn off output transparency. For more information, please refer to the description of the ‘EO’ mnemonic.
Turn off the uppercase routines. For more information, please refer to the description of the ‘LC’ mnemonic.

Thoroughbred Basic Windows defines this mnemonic. Do not define this value or specify a value for it.

'DN': is short for display on. This mnemonic can contain a command that makes the entire screen visible. To turn off the display please refer to the description of the 'DO' mnemonic.
'DO': is short for display off. This mnemonic can contain a command that makes the entire screen invisible. To turn on the display please refer to the description of the 'DN' mnemonic.

Most of the mnemonics named ‘Ex’, where x is a letter, are designed to finish an operation begun by the corresponding ‘Bx’ mnemonic.

'EB': is short for end blink. This mnemonic can contain a command that causes the characters that follow to display in normal video mode. In most cases this command follows the command specified for the 'BB', 'BD', or 'BV' mnemonic.

The ‘BB’ (begin blink) mnemonic can contain a command that causes the characters that follow to flash on and off. The ‘BD’ (begin blink with underline) mnemonic can contain a command that adds an underscore to the characters that follow and causes all of those characters to blink. The ‘BV’ (begin blink and reverse video) mnemonic can contain a command that places the characters that follow in reverse video mode and causes the characters to blink.

'EE': is short for end keyboard echo. This mnemonic contains a command that prevents characters typed on the keyboard from display on the terminal screen.

In most cases this command follows the command specified for the ‘BE’ mnemonic. The ‘BE’ (begin keyboard echo) mnemonic contains a command that activates keyboard echo.

Thoroughbred Basic Windows defines this mnemonic. Do not define this value or specify a value for it.

'EF': is short for end with foreground intensity. This mnemonic can contain a command that causes the command specified for the 'BR' (begin reverse video) mnemonic to set the intensity to background and the command specified for the 'ER' (end reverse video) mnemonic to set the intensity to foreground. This is the default.

For more information, please refer to the descriptions of the ‘BR’, ‘ER’, and ‘EX’ mnemonics.

'EG': is short for end graphics mode. This mnemonic can contain a command that changes the current character set to the standard character set. Characters that follow this command are displayed as standard characters.

In most cases this command follows the command specified for the ‘BG’ (begin graphics mode) mnemonic. The ‘BG’ (begin graphics mode) mnemonic can contain a command that changes the current character set to the graphics character set.

'EI': is short for end input transparency. This mnemonic contains a command that causes your system to interpret some of the characters passed to your program. Codes and sequences generated by the Enter key, function keys, and text-editing keys are treated as commands rather than characters.

In most cases, this command follows the command specified for the ‘BI’ (begin input transparency) mnemonic. The ‘BI’ (begin input transparency) mnemonic contains a command that passes each character to your program without interpretation.

Thoroughbred Basic Windows defines this mnemonic. Do not define this value or specify a value for it.

'EL': is short for end load. This mnemonic can contain a command that stops the loading of a terminal table to the terminal.

In most cases this command follows the command specified for the ‘SL’ (start load) mnemonic. The ‘SL’ (start load) mnemonic can contain a command that starts loading a terminal table to a terminal.

'EM': is short for end ERR=29 generation for undefined mnemonics. This mnemonic contains a command that causes a Thoroughbred Basic program to ignore undefined or invalid mnemonics.

In most cases this command follows the command specified for the ‘BM’ mnemonic. The ‘BM’ (begin ERR=29 generation for undefined mnemonics) mnemonic contains a command that causes a Thoroughbred Basic program to issue the error code 29
when it encounters an undefined or invalid mnemonic.

Thoroughbred Basic Windows defines this mnemonic. Do not define this value or specify a value for it.

'EO': is short for end output transparency. This mnemonic contains a command that causes your system to interpret some of the characters passed to your terminal. Codes and sequences generated by the Enter key, function keys, and text-editing keys are treated as commands rather than characters.

In most cases, this command follows the command specified for the ‘BO’ (begin output transparency) mnemonic. The ‘BO’ (begin output transparency) mnemonic contains a command that passes each character to your terminal without interpretation.

Thoroughbred Basic Windows defines this mnemonic. Do not define this value or specify a value for it.

'EP': is short for expanded print mode. This mnemonic can contain a command that causes characters to display at double their height and width. Many terminals do not support expanded print mode.

In most cases, the end of output to the terminal cancels expanded print mode.

The Thoroughbred Basic Windows Manager does not support this mnemonic. You can use this command only if you are not using Thoroughbred Basic Windows.

'ER': is short for end reverse video. This mnemonic can contain a command that restores the normal video mode. In most cases this command follows the command specified for the 'BR' or 'BF' mnemonic.

The ‘BR’ (begin reverse video) mnemonic can contain a command that reverses foreground and background colors for characters that follow the command. The ‘BF’ (begin reverse video in foreground intensity) mnemonic can contain a command that reverses colors for the characters that follow and displays the characters and background in foreground intensity.

'ES': is short for the escape character. This mnemonic can contain a command that sends an escape character to the terminal.

Do not use this mnemonic under Thoroughbred Basic Windows.

'ET': is short for end type-ahead control. This command contains a command that disables type-ahead control. When type-ahead control is active keyboard input is placed in a buffer when a user types more characters than a Thoroughbred Basic program can manage at the time.

In most cases this command follows the command specified for the ‘BT’ mnemonic. The ‘BT’ (begin type-ahead control) mnemonic can contain a command that activates type-ahead control.

Note: The ‘CI’ (clear the input buffer) mnemonic can contain a command that removes all characters from the type-ahead buffer for keyboard input.

This mnemonic is defined by Thoroughbred Basic. Do not define this value or
specify a value for it.

'EU': is short for end underline. This mnemonic can contain a command that displays the following characters without adding underscore characters.

In most cases this command follows the command specified for the ‘BU’ mnemonic. The ‘BU’ mnemonic can contain a command that adds an underscore to the characters that follow.

'EX': is short for end with either foreground and background intensity. This mnemonic can contain a command that causes the commands specified for the 'BR' (begin reverse video) and 'ER' (end reverse video) mnemonics to have no effect on intensity when they change reverse video mode.

For more information, please refer to the descriptions of the ‘BR’, ‘ER’, and ‘EF’ mnemonics.

The ‘FF’ mnemonic can be used to issue a form feed.

'FF': is short for form feed. This mnemonic can contain a command that sends a form feed character sequence:

If you are running Thoroughbred Basic Windows and no value is specified for ‘FF’ the Thoroughbred Basic Windows Manager will issue the command specified for the ‘CS’ (clear screen) mnemonic. If the ‘CS’ mnemonic is not defined, the Thoroughbred Basic Windows Manager takes no further action.
If you are not running Thoroughbred Basic Windows this mnemonic is ignored.

The mnemonics that range from ‘G0’ through ‘GF’ enable you to draw graphics boxes.

'G0': contains a sequence that displays a horizontal line when the terminal is in graphics mode.

For more information on how to specify graphics mode for your terminal please refer to the description of the ‘BG’ (begin graphics mode) mnemonic. For more information on graphics characters please refer to the descriptions of the ‘Gn’ mnemonics, where n is a hexadecimal number from 0 through F.

'G1': contains a sequence that displays a vertical line when the terminal is in graphics mode.

'G2': contains a sequence that displays the upper left corner of a box when the terminal is in graphics mode.

'G3': contains a sequence that displays the upper right corner of a box when the terminal is in graphics mode.

'G4': contains a sequence that displays the lower left corner of a box when the terminal is in graphics mode.

'G5': contains a sequence that displays the lower right corner of a box when the terminal is in graphics mode.

'G6': contains a sequence that displays the connect to right bar when the terminal is in graphics mode. A connect to right bar is a vertical bar with a horizontal bar meeting it from the right.

'G7': contains a sequence that displays the connect to left bar when the terminal is in graphics mode. A connect to left bar is a vertical bar with a horizontal bar meeting it from the left.

'G8': contains a sequence that displays the connect to lower bar when the terminal is in graphics mode. A connect to lower bar is a horizontal bar with a vertical bar meeting it from below.

'G9': contains a sequence that displays the connect to upper bar when the terminal is in graphics mode. A connect to upper bar is a horizontal bar with a vertical bar meeting it from above.

'GA': contains a sequence that displays a cross when the terminal is in graphics mode. A cross is a horizontal bar and a vertical bar that cross in the middle.

'GB': contains a sequence that displays a highest intensity block when the terminal is in graphics mode.

'GC': contains a sequence that displays a middle intensity block when the terminal is in graphics mode.

'GD': contains a sequence that displays a lowest intensity block when in graphics mode.

'GE ': contains a sequence that displays a double vertical bar when the terminal is in graphics mode.

'GF': contains a sequence that displays a double horizontal bar when the terminal is in graphics mode.

'GRAY': contains a command that changes the current foreground color to gray. A terminal that does not provide this color will not respond to the command to change color.
'GREEN': contains a command that changes the current foreground color to green. A terminal that does not provide this color will not respond to the command to change color.

The ‘IC’ mnemonic can be used to insert characters.

'IC': is short for insert character. This mnemonic contains a command that moves the characters from the current cursor position to the end of the line one space to the right. A space character is placed in the current cursor position. The character on the end of the line is removed.

For information on how to remove a character from a line of text please refer to the description of the ‘DC’ (delete character) mnemonic.

Thoroughbred Basic Windows defines this mnemonic. Do not define this value or specify a value for it.

The mnemonics named ‘Kx’ where x is a letter hexadecimal number, enable you to specify foreground or background colors. In most cases this is a three-step process. First, you specify the ‘KW’ or ‘KY’ mnemonic, then one of the mnemonics that range from ‘K0’ through ‘KF’, and finish the foreground or background color specification with the ‘KX’ or ‘KZ’ mnemonic.

'K0': contains the specification for the color black. This specification occupies the middle of a command to begin a foreground or background color. The first part of the sequence is contained in the 'KW' or 'KY' mnemonic and the last part of the sequence is contained in the 'KX' or 'KZ' mnemonic.
'K1': contains the specification for the color light blue. This specification occupies the middle of a command to begin a foreground or background color. The first part of the sequence is contained in the 'KW' or 'KY' mnemonic and the last part of the sequence is contained in the 'KX' or 'KZ' mnemonic.
'K2': contains the specification for the color light green. This specification occupies the middle of a command to begin a foreground or background color. The first part of the sequence is contained in the 'KW' or 'KY' mnemonic and the last part of the sequence is contained in the 'KX' or 'KZ' mnemonic.
'K3': contains the specification for the color light cyan. This specification occupies the middle of a command to begin a foreground or background color. The first part of the sequence is contained in the 'KW' or 'KY' mnemonic and the last part of the sequence is contained in the 'KX' or 'KZ' mnemonic.
'K4': contains the specification for the color light red. This specification occupies the middle of a command to begin a foreground or background color. The first part of the sequence is contained in the 'KW' or 'KY' mnemonic and the last part of the sequence is contained in the 'KX' or 'KZ' mnemonic.
'K5': contains the specification for the color light magenta. This specification occupies the middle of a command to begin a foreground or background color. The first part of the sequence is contained in the 'KW' or 'KY' mnemonic and the last part of the sequence is contained in the 'KX' or 'KZ' mnemonic.
'K6': contains the specification for the color yellow. This specification occupies the middle of a command to begin a foreground or background color. The first part of the sequence is contained in the 'KW' or 'KY' mnemonic and the last part of the sequence is contained in the 'KX' or 'KZ' mnemonic.
'K7': contains the specification for the color light gray. This specification occupies the middle of a command to begin a foreground or background color. The first part of the sequence is contained in the 'KW' or 'KY' mnemonic and the last part of the sequence is contained in the 'KX' or 'KZ' mnemonic.
'K8': contains the specification for the color gray. This specification occupies the middle of a command to begin a foreground or background color. The first part of the sequence is contained in the 'KW' or 'KY' mnemonic and the last part of the sequence is contained in the 'KX' or 'KZ' mnemonic.
'K9': contains the specification for the color blue. This specification occupies the middle of a command to begin a foreground or background color. The first part of the sequence is contained in the 'KW' or 'KY' mnemonic and the last part of the sequence is contained in the 'KX' or 'KZ' mnemonic.
'KA': contains the specification for the color green. This specification occupies the middle of a command to begin a foreground or background color. The first part of the sequence is contained in the 'KW' or 'KY' mnemonic and the last part of the sequence is contained in the 'KX' or 'KZ' mnemonic.
'KB': contains the specification for the color cyan. This specification occupies the middle of a command to begin a foreground or background color. The first part of the sequence is contained in the 'KW' or 'KY' mnemonic and the last part of the sequence is contained in the 'KX' or 'KZ' mnemonic.
'KC': contains the specification for the color red. This specification occupies the middle of a command to begin a foreground or background color. The first part of the sequence is contained in the 'KW' or 'KY' mnemonic and the last part of the sequence is contained in the 'KX' or 'KZ' mnemonic.
'KD': contains the specification for the color magenta. This specification occupies the middle of a command to begin a foreground or background color. The first part of the sequence is contained in the 'KW' or 'KY' mnemonic and the last part of the sequence is contained in the 'KX' or 'KZ' mnemonic.
'KE': contains the specification for the color brown. This specification occupies the middle of a command to begin a foreground or background color. The first part of the sequence is contained in the 'KW' or 'KY' mnemonic and the last part of the sequence is contained in the 'KX' or 'KZ' mnemonic.
'KF': contains the specification for the color white. This specification occupies the middle of a command to begin a foreground or background color. The first part of the sequence is contained in the 'KW' or 'KY' mnemonic and the last part of the sequence is contained in the 'KX' or 'KZ' mnemonic.
'KW': contains a value that depends on the value specified for the 'A9' mnemonic. In most cases, it contains the first part of the character sequence that starts the foreground color. The second part of the sequence is contained in one of the mnemonics that range from 'K0' through 'KF' and the last part of the sequence is contained in the 'KX' mnemonic.
'KX': contains a value that depends on the value specified for the 'A9' mnemonic. In most cases, it contains the last part of the character sequence that starts the foreground color. The first part of the sequence is contained in the 'KW' mnemonic and the middle part of the sequence is contained in one of the mnemonics that range from 'K0' through 'KF'.
'KY': contains a value that depends on the value specified for the 'A9' mnemonic. In most cases, it contains the first part of the character sequence that starts the background color. The second part of the sequence is contained in one of the mnemonics that range from 'K0' through 'KF' and the last part of the sequence is contained in the 'KZ' mnemonic.
'KZ': contains a value that depends on the value specified for the 'A9' mnemonic. In most cases, it contains the last part of the character sequence that starts the background color. The first part of the sequence is contained in the 'KY' mnemonic and the middle part of the sequence is contained in one of the mnemonics that range form 'K0' through 'KF'.

Some of the mnemonics named ‘Lx’, where x is a letter or hexadecimal number, enable you to perform operations on individual lines.

'LBLUE': contains a command that changes the current foreground color to light blue. A terminal that does not provide this color will not respond to the command to change color.
'LC': is short for lowercase. This mnemonic contains a command that sends all characters typed in Thoroughbred Basic Console Mode to Thoroughbred Basic without interpretation. Lowercase characters are not converted to uppercase.

The ‘UC’ (uppercase) mnemonic contains a command that converts all characters typed in Thoroughbred Basic Console Mode to uppercase.

This mnemonic is defined by Thoroughbred Basic. Do not define this value or specify a value for it.

'LCYAN': contains a command that changes the current foreground color to light cyan. A terminal that does not provide this color will not respond to the command to change color.
'LD': is short for line delete. This mnemonic can contain a command that removes the line that contains the cursor. The lines below the deleted line are scrolled up one line.

The ‘CL’ (clear to end of line) mnemonic can contain a command that removes all the characters from the current cursor position through the end of the line. The ‘LI’ (line insert) mnemonic can contain a command that creates a new line on the screen or in the Thoroughbred Basic Window.

'LF': is short for line feed. This mnemonic can contain a command that sends the line feed character sequence. The cursor on the screen or in the Thoroughbred Basic Window moves down one line to the leftmost character position. If needed, Thoroughbred Basic will scroll up to display the line that contains the cursor.

The ‘CR’ (carriage return) mnemonic can contain a command that sends the carriage return character.

'LGRAY': contains a command that changes the current foreground color to light gray. A terminal that does not provide this color will not respond to the command to change color.
'LGREEN': contains a command that changes the current foreground color to light green. A terminal that does not provide this color will not respond to the command to change color.
'LI': is short for line insert. This mnemonic can contain a command that inserts a new line on the screen or into the Thoroughbred Basic Window. The line that contains the cursor and all the lines below are pushed down one line, the new line is filled with space characters, and the cursor is placed on the new line.

The ‘LD’ (line delete) mnemonic can contain a command that removes the line that contains the cursor from the screen or the Thoroughbred Basic Window.

'LMAGENTA': contains a command that changes the current foreground color to light magenta. A terminal that does not provide this color will not respond to the command to change color.
'LRED': contains a command that changes the current foreground color to light red. A terminal that does not provide this color will not respond to the command to change color.

The mnemonics named ‘Mx’, where x is a letter, enable you to perform a variety of functions.

'MAGENTA': contains a command that changes the current foreground color to magenta. A terminal that does not provide this color will not respond to the command to change color.
'MB': Mouse Begin will turn on the mouse.
'MD': Mouse Scroll Down visual. Developer defined terminal table mnemonic for Dictionary-IV/OPENworkshop only. The defined escape sequence will be printed in the bottom border of a BASIC window indicating that a click in this region will perform a Scroll Down function.
'ME': Mouse End will turn off the mouse.
'MH': Mouse Home visual. Developer defined terminal table mnemonic for Dictionary-IV/OPENworkshop only. The defined escape sequence will be in the upper left corner border of a BASIC window indicating that a click in this region will perform a Home function.
'ML': Mouse Tab Left visual. Developer defined terminal table mnemonic for Dictionary-IV/OPENworkshop only. The defined escape sequence will be printed left border of a BASIC window indicating that a click in this region will perform a Tab Left (Back-Tab) function.
'MN': is short for mapping on. This mnemonic contains a command that causes output sent to the terminal is processed by the Thoroughbred Basic Windows Manager, which updates its image of the screen in memory. This is the default for terminals that run under Thoroughbred Basic Windows.

The ‘MO’ (mapping off) mnemonic contains a command that causes the Thoroughbred Basic Windows Manager to process output to the terminal without updating its image of the screen in memory.

Thoroughbred Basic Windows defines this mnemonic. Do not define this value or specify a value for it.

'MO': is short for mapping off. This mnemonic contains a command that causes the Thoroughbred Basic Windows Manager to process output to the terminal without updating its image of the screen in memory. You can use this mnemonic to execute terminal routines, such as loading a Status Line, without affecting the rest of the display.

Ordinarily, Thoroughbred Basic Windows uses the ‘CS’ (clear screen) to clear the current Thoroughbred Basic Window. If the ‘CS’ mnemonic is issued after the ‘MO’ mnemonic, the whole screen is cleared. You can use the Thoroughbred Basic WINDOW REFRESH directive or the ‘RS’ (refresh screen) mnemonic to restore the screen as it appeared before the ‘MO’ mnemonic was issued. For more information on the WINDOW REFRESH directive please refer to the Thoroughbred Basic Language Reference.

The ‘MN’ (mapping on) mnemonic contains a command that causes output sent to the terminal is processed by the Thoroughbred Basic Windows Manager, which updates its image of the screen in memory.

Thoroughbred Basic Windows defines this mnemonic. Do not define this value or specify a value for it.

'MR': Mouse Tab Right visual. Developer defined terminal table mnemonic for Dictionary-IV/OPENworkshop only. The defined escape sequence will be printed right border of a BASIC window indicating that a click in this region will perform a Tab Right (Tab) function.
'MU': Mouse Scroll Up visual. Developer defined terminal table mnemonic for Dictionary-IV/OPENworkshop only. The defined escape sequence will be printed top border of a BASIC window indicating that a click in this region will perform a Scroll Up function.
'MX': Mouse Exit visual. Developer defined terminal table mnemonic for Dictionary-IV/OPENworkshop only. The defined escape sequence will be printed upper right corner border of a BASIC window indicating that a click in this region will perform a F4 (Exit) function.

The mnemonics named ‘Ox’, where x is a letter, enable you to perform a variety of functions.

TbredComm opens external Window files such as image files, Word documents, Excel spreadsheets, etc. The file will be opened with the default application defined by the file extension. For example, if .jpg files are associated with a browser, that browser will be used to open all .jpg image files.

'OB': Begin Open.
'OE': End Open.

Used with the PRINT Directive. For example:

PRINT 'OB', "file-name", 'OE'

If the path to the file is not defined in the path variable you must supply the full path name.

The mnemonics named ‘Px’, where x is a letter, enable you to perform a variety of functions.

'PB': is short for print buffer. This mnemonic contains a command that transmits the contents of the print buffer, and then empties it. If the print buffer is already empty, Thoroughbred Basic issues ERR=29.

Do not define this mnemonic in a TCONFIGx file.

'PE': is short for print end. This mnemonic contains a command that issues the print end character sequence for the terminal device on this channel. In most cases; these are the codes for transparent print end.

The ‘PS’ (print start) mnemonic contains a command that issues the print start character sequence for the terminal device on this channel.

'POP': contains a command that deletes the active Thoroughbred Basic Window and refreshes the screen.

In most cases, this command, which performs the same operations as the Thoroughbred Basic WINDOW POP directive, is used in Thoroughbred Basic PRINT statements. For more information on WINDOW POP and PRINT please refer to the Thoroughbred Basic Language Reference.

The ‘PUSH’ mnemonic contains a command that creates a new Thoroughbred Basic Window, which has attributes identical to the active Thoroughbred Basic Window, and places the cursor in the new Thoroughbred Basic Window.

Thoroughbred Basic Windows defines this mnemonic. Do not define this value or specify a value for it.

'PS': is short for print start. This mnemonic contains a command that issues the print start character sequence for the terminal device on this channel. In most cases, these are the codes for Transparent Print Start.

The ‘PE’ (print end) mnemonic contains a command that issues the print end character sequence for the terminal device on this channel.

'PUSH': contains a command that creates a duplicate of the active Thoroughbred Basic Window. The new Thoroughbred Basic Window acquires all the attributes of the original Thoroughbred Basic Window. The cursor is placed in the new Thoroughbred Basic Window.

In most cases, this command, which performs the same operations as the Thoroughbred Basic WINDOW PUSH directive, is used in Thoroughbred Basic PRINT statements. For more information on WINDOW PUSH and PRINT please refer to the Thoroughbred Basic Language Reference.

The ‘POP’ mnemonic contains a command that deletes the active Thoroughbred Basic Window and refreshes the screen.

Thoroughbred Basic Windows defines this mnemonic. Do not define this value or specify a value for it.

Some of the mnemonics named ‘Rx’, where x is a letter, enable you to read displayed characters and return them to your program.

'RB': is short for ring the bell. This mnemonic can contain a command that rings the terminal bell.
'RED': contains a command that changes the current foreground color to red. A terminal that does not provide this color will not respond to the command to change color.
'RL': is short for read line. This mnemonic can contain a command that returns the characters on the line that contains the cursor.

Thoroughbred Basic Windows defines this mnemonic. Do not define this value or specify a value for it.

'RP': is short for read page. This mnemonic can contain a command that returns all the characters from the one that occupies the cursor position through the character that occupies the last position in the Thoroughbred Basic Window.

Thoroughbred Basic Windows defines this mnemonic. Do not define this value or specify a value for it.

'RS': is short for refresh screen. This mnemonic can contain a command that restores the screen according to the map maintained by the Thoroughbred Basic Windows Manager.

This command is identical to the Thoroughbred Basic WINDOW REFRESH directive. For more information on WINDOW REFRESH please refer to the Thoroughbred Basic Language Reference.

In some cases, this command follows the command specified for the ‘MO’ (mapping off) mnemonic. For more information, please refer to the description of the ‘MO’ mnemonic.

Thoroughbred Basic Windows defines this mnemonic. Do not define this value or specify a value for it.

The mnemonics named ‘Sx’, where x is a letter, enable you to perform a variety of functions.

'SB': is short for set to background. This mnemonic can contain a command that causes the data that follows to display on the screen or in the Thoroughbred Basic Window in background intensity.
'SETBWC': is short for SET Base Window Colors. This mnemonic is used to set the background and foreground colors of the base terminal window. The mnemonic must be followed by a one-byte color code. Color codes are documented in the Thoroughbred Basic Language Reference under WINDOW COLOR. For example, ‘SETBWC’,$F0$ or ‘SETBWC’,CHR(240) set the terminal to black characters on a white background. This mnemonic is ignored if the selected Terminal Table does not specify color support or if the background and foreground colors are the same. The setting will be effective the next time the base window is cleared, usually with a ‘WC’ mnemonic.

The ‘SF’ mnemonic can contain a command that causes the data that follows to display in foreground intensity.

'SF': is short for set to foreground. This mnemonic can contain a command that causes the data that follows to display on the screen or in the Thoroughbred Basic Window in foreground intensity.

The ‘SB’ mnemonic can contain a command that causes the data that follows to display in background intensity.

'SL': is short for start load. This mnemonic can contain a command that begins loading a terminal table to the terminal.

The ‘EL’ (end load) mnemonic can contain a command that stops the loading of a terminal table to a terminal.

'SWAP': contains a command that makes the previously active Thoroughbred Basic Window active. You can use this mnemonic to move back and forth between two Thoroughbred Basic Windows.

In most cases, this command, which performs the same operations as the Thoroughbred Basic WINDOW SWAP directive, is used in Thoroughbred Basic PRINT statements. For more information on WINDOW SWAP and PRINT please refer to the Thoroughbred Basic Language Reference.

Thoroughbred Basic Windows defines this mnemonic. Do not define this value or specify a value for it.

The mnemonics named ‘Tn’, where n is a number, enable you to change the print manager mode of TbredComm ( i.e. System menu -> Settings -> Printer.

T1: is short for set the print manager mode to Pass-through ( i.e. type 1 ).
T3: is short for set the print manager mode to Standard ( i.e. type 3 ).

The ‘TR’ mnemonic enables you to read all the characters in a Thoroughbred Basic Window.

'TR': is short for terminal read. This mnemonic contains a command that reads the active Thoroughbred Basic Window from top to bottom and left to right and returns its contents as a character string.

Thoroughbred Basic Windows defines this mnemonic. Do not define this value or specify a value for it.

The ‘UC’ mnemonic enables Thoroughbred Basic to treat all characters as uppercase characters.

'UC': is short for uppercase. This mnemonic contains a command that converts all characters typed in Thoroughbred Basic Console Mode to uppercase before sending them to Thoroughbred Basic.

The ‘LC’ (lowercase) mnemonic contains a command that sends all characters typed in Thoroughbred Basic Console Mode to Thoroughbred Basic without interpretation.

This mnemonic is defined by Thoroughbred Basic. Do not define this value or specify a value for it.

The ‘VT’ mnemonic enables you to use a vertical tab on your terminal screen.

'VT': is short for vertical tab. This mnemonic can contain a command that moves the output position one vertical tab from the current line. In most cases, the specified value is the character sequence that moves the cursor up one line.

If no value is specified for this mnemonic the Thoroughbred Basic WINDOW CREATE directive option PAINTMODE=CIRCLEIN is replaced by PAINTMODE=MIDDLEOUT. For more information on WINDOW CREATE and its PAINTMODE= option please refer to the Thoroughbred Basic Language Reference.

Some of the mnemonics named ‘Wx’, where x is a letter, enable you to perform operations on Thoroughbred Basic Windows.

'WC': is short for windows clear. This mnemonic contains a command that removes all the Thoroughbred Basic Windows, except for the base Thoroughbred Basic Window, and clears the screen.

Thoroughbred Basic Windows defines this mnemonic. Do not define this value or specify a value for it.

'WHITE': contains a command that changes the current foreground color to white. A terminal that does not provide this color will not respond to the command to change color.
'WN': is short for Thoroughbred Basic Windows on. This mnemonic can contain a command that restores Thoroughbred Basic Windows to the status and conditions that were current before the command specified for the 'WO' (Thoroughbred Basic Windows off) mnemonic was issued.

Thoroughbred Basic Windows defines this mnemonic. Do not define this value or specify a value for it.

'WO': is short for Thoroughbred Basic Windows off. This mnemonic contains a command that causes following commands to refer to the base Thoroughbred Basic Window, which is the full screen. You can use this command to place data on the full screen without having to change current Thoroughbred Basic Window status or stack order.

No Thoroughbred Basic WINDOW directives or WIN functions can be issued until the command specified for the ‘WN’ (Thoroughbred Basic Windows on) is issued. The ‘WN’ mnemonic contains a command that returns the terminal to Thoroughbred Basic Windows mode.

Thoroughbred Basic Windows defines this mnemonic. Do not define this value or specify a value for it.

The ‘YELLOW’ mnemonic enables you to specify yellow as the foreground color.

'YELLOW': contains a command that changes the current foreground color to yellow. A terminal that does not provide this color will not respond to the command to change color.

For information on how to configure and specify terminal mnemonics, please refer to the Thoroughbred Basic Customization and Tuning Guide.

Printer mnemonics

Printer mnemonics are variables that can be interpreted by a printer driver. Use of printer mnemonics can speed application development by ensuring that programmers will not have to remember or look up code sequences, by providing naming conventions for actions that can occur on a number of site printers, and by helping programmers produce more readable code. These mnemonics are specified and defined in printer mnemonic tables.

The default	printer mnemonic	table consists of the following mnemonic codes and escape sequences:
Line feed	LF	$0D0A$
Carriage return	CR	$0D$
Form feed	FF	$0C$
Escape	ES	$1B$
Ring bell	RB	$07$
Expanded print	EP	N/A

These printer mnemonics are analogous to terminal mnemonics described in the preceding subsection. For example, the ‘LF’ printer mnemonic is equivalent to the ‘LF’ terminal mnemonic. For more information on any of these printer mnemonics, please refer to the corresponding terminal mnemonic.

Starting with Thoroughbred Basic 8.2, you can create and load printer mnemonic tables other than the default printer table already installed with your system. A mnemonic table is made up of mnemonic entries sorted in ascending order based on the length of each entry’s mnemonic code.

For more information on printer mnemonics, and on how to build and load new printer mnemonic tables, please refer to the Thoroughbred Basic Customization and Tuning Guide.

From the Thoroughbred Basic Developer Guide, version 8.9.1. Open this page in the PDF